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Usefuls tools in recognizing possible predatory journals are the list of publications DOAJ has removed from its list (see the tab Removed) and Cabell's International Blacklist criteria. However, not all grounds that lead journal to be removed from DOAJ are so severe that they would prevent the journal to be accepted on level 1. For example "Journal not adhering Best Practices" may mean various things (DOAJ Principles of Transparency and Best Practices in Scholarly Publishing). The following reasons are seen as severe violations: Suspected editorial misconduct by publisher, use of fake impact factor, no editorial board, peer review inadequate. The secretariat follows the situation and brings cases found on these list back to complementary evaluation.
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